method_missing is a powerful Ruby metaprogramming feature. It allows you to intercept and handle calls to undefined methods, providing dynamic behavior to your Ruby objects.

Understanding method_missing

When you call a method on an object in Ruby, the interpreter searches for that method in the object's class and its ancestors. If the method is not found, Ruby invokes the method_missing method instead of raising a NoMethodError.

Basic Syntax

To use method_missing, define it in your class as follows:


class MyClass
  def method_missing(method_name, *arguments, &block)
    # Your custom logic here
  end
end

Parameters of method_missing

method_name: The name of the called method (as a Symbol)
*arguments: An array of arguments passed to the method
&block: An optional block passed to the method

Example: Dynamic Attribute Access

Here's an example demonstrating how to use method_missing to create dynamic attribute accessors:


class DynamicPerson
  def initialize(name, age)
    @name = name
    @age = age
  end

  def method_missing(method_name, *args, &block)
    if method_name.to_s =~ /^get_(.+)$/
      instance_variable_get("@#{$1}")
    else
      super
    end
  end
end

person = DynamicPerson.new("Alice", 30)
puts person.get_name  # Output: Alice
puts person.get_age   # Output: 30

In this example, method_missing intercepts calls to methods starting with "get_" and returns the corresponding instance variable value.

Best Practices and Considerations

Always call super in method_missing for unhandled methods to maintain expected behavior.
Implement respond_to_missing? alongside method_missing for proper method introspection.
Use method_missing judiciously, as it can make code harder to understand and debug.
Consider performance implications, as method_missing is slower than defined methods.

Advanced Usage: Ghost Methods

method_missing enables the creation of "ghost methods" - methods that don't exist in the class definition but appear to work when called. This technique is useful for creating flexible APIs or domain-specific languages (DSLs).


class CommandExecutor
  def method_missing(command, *args, &block)
    puts "Executing command: #{command} with arguments: #{args.join(', ')}"
    # Actual command execution logic would go here
  end
end

executor = CommandExecutor.new
executor.start_server("localhost", 8080)
executor.send_email("user@example.com", "Hello!")

This example demonstrates how method_missing can be used to create a flexible command execution interface.

Related Concepts

To further enhance your understanding of Ruby's metaprogramming capabilities, explore these related topics:

By mastering method_missing, you'll unlock powerful metaprogramming techniques in Ruby, enabling more flexible and dynamic code structures.