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Python Basics

Introduction to PythonInstalling PythonPython SyntaxPython CommentsPython VariablesPython Data TypesPython Type ConversionPython OperatorsPython Input/OutputPython Indentation

Control Structures

Python If...ElsePython While LoopsPython For LoopsPython Break and ContinuePython Pass StatementPython Match-Case Statements

Python Data Structures

Python ListsPython TuplesPython SetsPython DictionariesPython ArraysPython List Comprehension

Python Functions

Defining Python FunctionsPython Function ArgumentsPython Function Return ValuesPython Lambda FunctionsPython Recursive FunctionsPython Global and Local Variables

Python OOP

Python Classes and ObjectsPython InheritancePython EncapsulationPython PolymorphismPython Method OverridingPython Abstract Classes

Python Modules and Packages

Creating Python ModulesImporting Python ModulesPython Built-in ModulesPython Package Management (pip)Creating Python Packages

Python File Handling

Python File Open/ClosePython File ReadPython File WritePython File ManagementPython Directory Handling

Python Exception Handling

Python Try...ExceptPython User-defined ExceptionsPython Raise KeywordPython Finally Clause

Python Advanced Topics

Python IteratorsPython GeneratorsPython DecoratorsPython Context ManagersPython Regular ExpressionsPython MultithreadingPython Multiprocessing

Python Standard Library

Python Math ModulePython Random ModulePython DateTime ModulePython JSON ModulePython OS ModulePython Sys Module

Python Data Manipulation

Python String ManipulationPython List OperationsPython Dictionary OperationsPython Set Operations

Python Testing

Python Unit TestingPython DoctestPython PytestPython Test-Driven Development

Python Performance

Python Code OptimizationPython ProfilingPython Memory ManagementPython Caching Techniques

Python and Databases

Python SQLitePython MySQL ConnectorPython PostgreSQLPython MongoDB

Python Web Scraping

Python Requests LibraryPython BeautifulSoupPython Scrapy Basics

Python and APIs

Python REST API BasicsPython API AuthenticationPython API Data Handling

Python Operators

Python operators are special symbols that perform operations on variables and values. They are essential for manipulating data and controlling program flow in Python.

Types of Operators

Python supports various types of operators, each serving a specific purpose in your code:

  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Comparison Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Assignment Operators
  • Bitwise Operators
  • Identity Operators
  • Membership Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations on numeric values. They are fundamental for calculations in Python programs.

Operator Description Example
+ Addition 5 + 3 # Result: 8
- Subtraction 5 - 3 # Result: 2
* Multiplication 5 * 3 # Result: 15
/ Division 5 / 3 # Result: 1.6666667
% Modulus 5 % 3 # Result: 2
** Exponentiation 5 ** 3 # Result: 125
// Floor Division 5 // 3 # Result: 1

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare values. They return Boolean results (True or False), making them crucial for conditional statements and loops.

Operator Description Example
== Equal to 5 == 3 # Result: False
!= Not equal to 5 != 3 # Result: True
> Greater than 5 > 3 # Result: True
< Less than 5 < 3 # Result: False
>= Greater than or equal to 5 >= 3 # Result: True
<= Less than or equal to 5 <= 3 # Result: False

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements. They are essential for creating complex conditions in Python If...Else statements and loops.

Operator Description Example
and Returns True if both statements are true x > 0 and x < 10
or Returns True if one of the statements is true x < 0 or x > 10
not Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true not(x > 0 and x < 10)

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. They can also perform operations while assigning values, making code more concise.

Operator Example Equivalent to
= x = 5 x = 5
+= x += 3 x = x + 3
-= x -= 3 x = x - 3
*= x *= 3 x = x * 3
/= x /= 3 x = x / 3
%= x %= 3 x = x % 3

Example: Using Operators in Python

Here's a practical example demonstrating the use of various operators in Python:


# Arithmetic operators
x = 10
y = 3
print(f"Addition: {x + y}")
print(f"Subtraction: {x - y}")
print(f"Multiplication: {x * y}")
print(f"Division: {x / y}")
print(f"Modulus: {x % y}")
print(f"Exponentiation: {x ** y}")
print(f"Floor Division: {x // y}")

# Comparison operators
print(f"x == y: {x == y}")
print(f"x != y: {x != y}")
print(f"x > y: {x > y}")
print(f"x < y: {x < y}")

# Logical operators
a = True
b = False
print(f"a and b: {a and b}")
print(f"a or b: {a or b}")
print(f"not a: {not a}")

# Assignment operators
z = 5
z += 3
print(f"z after z += 3: {z}")
z *= 2
print(f"z after z *= 2: {z}")

Understanding Python operators is crucial for effective programming. They form the foundation for more complex operations and control structures in Python, such as conditional statements and loops.

Best Practices

  • Use parentheses to clarify the order of operations in complex expressions.
  • Be cautious with floating-point arithmetic, as it can lead to precision issues.
  • Utilize compound assignment operators (like +=) for more concise and readable code.
  • When working with logical operators, consider short-circuit evaluation for efficiency.

Mastering Python operators enhances your ability to manipulate data and control program flow effectively. As you progress in your Python journey, you'll find these operators indispensable in various programming tasks and algorithms.