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Introduction to PythonInstalling PythonPython SyntaxPython CommentsPython VariablesPython Data TypesPython Type ConversionPython OperatorsPython Input/OutputPython Indentation

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Python Data Structures

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Python Functions

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Python OOP

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Python Modules and Packages

Creating Python ModulesImporting Python ModulesPython Built-in ModulesPython Package Management (pip)Creating Python Packages

Python File Handling

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Python Exception Handling

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Python Advanced Topics

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Python Standard Library

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Python Data Manipulation

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Python Testing

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Python Performance

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Python and Databases

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Python Web Scraping

Python Requests LibraryPython BeautifulSoupPython Scrapy Basics

Python and APIs

Python REST API BasicsPython API AuthenticationPython API Data Handling

Python Requests Library

The Python Requests library is a popular HTTP client library that simplifies the process of making HTTP requests. It provides a user-friendly interface for sending HTTP/1.1 requests and handling responses.

Installation

To install the Requests library, use Python Package Management (pip):

pip install requests

Basic Usage

Here's a simple example of how to use the Requests library to make a GET request:


import requests

response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
print(response.status_code)
print(response.text)

Key Features

  • Simple and intuitive API
  • Automatic decompression of responses
  • Connection pooling for improved performance
  • Session support for persistent cookies
  • Built-in JSON decoding

Common HTTP Methods

The Requests library supports all common HTTP methods:


requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
requests.post('https://api.example.com/submit', data={'key': 'value'})
requests.put('https://api.example.com/update', data={'key': 'new_value'})
requests.delete('https://api.example.com/remove')

Handling JSON Data

Working with JSON data is straightforward:


import requests

response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
data = response.json()
print(data)

Custom Headers

You can easily add custom headers to your requests:


headers = {'User-Agent': 'MyApp/1.0'}
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data', headers=headers)

Error Handling

The Requests library raises exceptions for network-related errors. Use Python Try...Except to handle these gracefully:


import requests

try:
    response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
    response.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

Sessions

For multiple requests to the same host, use a session to persist certain parameters:


with requests.Session() as session:
    session.auth = ('user', 'pass')
    response = session.get('https://api.example.com/protected')

Best Practices

  • Always check the status code of the response
  • Use timeouts to prevent hanging requests
  • Implement proper error handling
  • Respect rate limits when working with APIs
  • Use sessions for multiple requests to the same host

The Python Requests library is an essential tool for web scraping, REST API interactions, and any task involving HTTP requests. Its simplicity and power make it a go-to choice for Python developers working with web services and APIs.