Subjects

JAVASCRIPT HTML CSS PYTHON SQL JAVA CPP CSHARP PHP TYPESCRIPT C RUBY GO SWIFT KOTLIN RUST R BASH SCALA OBJECTIVE-C DART PERL LUA MATLAB XML JSON MARKDOWN ASSEMBLY LATEX YAML SOLIDITY BLOCKCHAIN

Topics

Perl Basics

Introduction to Perl Installing Perl Perl Syntax Perl Variables Perl Data Types Perl Operators Perl Comments Perl Print Statements Perl Input/Output Perl Command Line Arguments

Control Structures

Perl If-Else Statements Perl Unless Statement Perl Switch Statement Perl For Loops Perl While Loops Perl Do-While Loops Perl Loop Control Statements Perl Ternary Operator

Perl Subroutines

Defining Perl Subroutines Perl Subroutine Arguments Perl Return Values Perl Anonymous Subroutines Perl Recursive Subroutines Perl Subroutine References

Perl Data Structures

Perl Arrays Perl Hashes Perl Multidimensional Arrays Perl Array and Hash Slices Perl References Perl Complex Data Structures

Perl String Manipulation

Perl String Basics Perl String Functions Perl Regular Expressions Perl Pattern Matching Perl String Formatting Perl Here Documents

Perl File Handling

Perl File Open and Close Perl File Reading Perl File Writing Perl File Appending Perl Directory Handling Perl File Test Operators

Perl Modules

Using Perl Modules Creating Perl Modules Perl Standard Modules Perl CPAN Perl Module Versioning Perl Object-Oriented Modules

Perl Object-Oriented Programming

Perl OOP Basics Perl Classes and Objects Perl Inheritance Perl Encapsulation Perl Polymorphism Perl Method Overriding

Perl Exception Handling

Perl Die and Warn Perl Eval Function Perl Try-Catch Blocks Perl Custom Exceptions Perl Error Handling Best Practices

Perl Database Interaction

Perl DBI Module Perl Database Connection Perl SQL Queries Perl Prepared Statements Perl Database Transactions

Perl Web Development

Perl CGI Programming Perl and HTML Forms Perl Session Handling Perl Cookies Perl Web Frameworks (e.g., Mojolicious)

Perl Network Programming

Perl Socket Programming Perl Client-Server Communication Perl and HTTP Perl and FTP Perl and Email Handling

Perl System Administration

Perl Process Management Perl File System Operations Perl System Information Retrieval Perl and Shell Commands Perl Log File Analysis

Perl Testing and Debugging

Perl Debugging Techniques Perl Unit Testing Perl Test::More Module Perl Code Coverage Perl Profiling

Advanced Perl Concepts

Perl References and Pointers Perl Typeglobs Perl Symbol Tables Perl Tie Interface Perl Closures Perl Benchmarking Perl Internals

Perl Classes and Objects

Perl supports object-oriented programming (OOP) through its flexible and powerful class and object system. This guide will introduce you to the basics of working with classes and objects in Perl.

Creating a Class

In Perl, a class is typically defined using a package. Here's a simple example:


package Person;

sub new {
    my $class = shift;
    my $self = {
        name => shift,
        age => shift,
    };
    bless $self, $class;
    return $self;
}

sub greet {
    my $self = shift;
    print "Hello, my name is $self->{name} and I'm $self->{age} years old.\n";
}

1;

This code defines a Person class with a constructor (new) and a method (greet).

Creating and Using Objects

To create and use an object, you can do the following:


use Person;

my $person = Person->new("Alice", 30);
$person->greet();

This will output: "Hello, my name is Alice and I'm 30 years old."

Key Concepts

Blessing: The bless function is used to associate a reference with a package, effectively creating an object.
Methods: In Perl, methods are simply subroutines that expect an object reference as their first argument.
Inheritance: Perl supports inheritance through the @ISA array. For more details, see Perl Inheritance.

Best Practices

Use strict and warnings pragmas in your class definitions.
Consider using the Moose or Moo modules for more advanced OOP features.
Implement getter and setter methods for object properties to ensure encapsulation.

Advanced Topics

As you become more comfortable with Perl's OOP system, you may want to explore:

Perl Encapsulation for data hiding techniques
Perl Polymorphism for creating flexible interfaces
Perl Method Overriding to customize inherited behavior

Understanding classes and objects is crucial for leveraging Perl's OOP capabilities. With practice, you'll be able to create complex, maintainable object-oriented Perl programs.