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Topics

Rust Basics

Introduction to RustInstalling RustRust SyntaxRust VariablesRust Data TypesRust ConstantsRust FunctionsRust CommentsRust OperatorsRust Control Flow

Ownership and Borrowing

Rust Ownership ConceptRust ReferencesRust Borrowing RulesRust LifetimesRust Move SemanticsRust Copy Types

Rust Structs and Enums

Rust StructsRust MethodsRust Associated FunctionsRust EnumsRust Pattern MatchingRust Option EnumRust Result Enum

Rust Collections

Rust VectorsRust StringsRust Hash MapsRust ArraysRust SlicesRust Iterators

Rust Error Handling

Rust Panic!Rust Result<T, E>Rust Propagating ErrorsRust Custom Error TypesRust Unwrap and Expect

Rust Generics and Traits

Rust Generic TypesRust Generic FunctionsRust Trait DefinitionsRust Trait ImplementationsRust Trait BoundsRust Associated Types

Rust Modules and Packages

Rust Module SystemRust CratesRust WorkspacesRust Use KeywordRust Visibility RulesRust External Dependencies

Rust Concurrency

Rust ThreadsRust Message PassingRust Shared StateRust Sync and Send TraitsRust Atomic TypesRust Mutex and RwLock

Rust Advanced Topics

Rust Unsafe CodeRust Advanced TraitsRust Advanced TypesRust MacrosRust FFI (Foreign Function Interface)Rust Asynchronous Programming

Rust Testing and Documentation

Rust Unit TestsRust Integration TestsRust Documentation TestsRust Benchmark TestsRust Documentation Comments

Rust Ecosystem

Rust Cargo Package ManagerRust Standard LibraryRust Community and ResourcesRust Popular CratesRust Web DevelopmentRust Systems Programming

Rust Methods

Methods in Rust are similar to functions but are associated with a specific data type, typically a struct. They provide a way to organize code and implement behavior for custom types, enhancing the object-oriented programming capabilities of Rust.

Defining Methods

Methods are defined within an impl block, which is short for "implementation". Here's the basic syntax:


struct Rectangle {
    width: u32,
    height: u32,
}

impl Rectangle {
    fn area(&self) -> u32 {
        self.width * self.height
    }
}

In this example, we've defined an area method for the Rectangle struct. The &self parameter is a reference to the instance the method is being called on.

Calling Methods

To call a method, use dot notation on an instance of the struct:


let rect = Rectangle { width: 30, height: 50 };
println!("Area: {}", rect.area());

Self Parameter

Methods can take ownership of self, borrow self immutably, or borrow self mutably. The first parameter of a method determines how it interacts with self:

  • &self: borrows the instance immutably
  • &mut self: borrows the instance mutably
  • self: takes ownership of the instance

Multiple Parameters

Methods can take additional parameters beyond self:


impl Rectangle {
    fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
        self.width > other.width && self.height > other.height
    }
}

Associated Functions

Functions defined within an impl block that don't take self as a parameter are called associated functions. These are often used as constructors:


impl Rectangle {
    fn square(size: u32) -> Rectangle {
        Rectangle { width: size, height: size }
    }
}

let square = Rectangle::square(3);

Associated functions are called using the struct name and the :: syntax, as shown above.

Best Practices

  • Use methods to encapsulate behavior related to a specific type
  • Choose the appropriate self parameter based on whether you need to modify the instance
  • Use associated functions for operations that don't require an instance
  • Follow Rust's naming conventions: methods that return a boolean often start with "is_" or "has_"

Related Concepts

To deepen your understanding of Rust methods, explore these related topics:

By mastering methods in Rust, you'll be able to write more organized and efficient code, leveraging the power of Rust's type system and ownership model.