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JAVASCRIPTHTMLCSSPYTHONSQLJAVACPPCSHARPPHPTYPESCRIPTCRUBYGOSWIFTKOTLINRUSTRBASHSCALAOBJECTIVE-CDARTPERLLUAMATLABXMLJSONMARKDOWNASSEMBLYLATEXYAMLSOLIDITYBLOCKCHAIN

Topics

PHP Basics

Introduction to PHPInstalling PHPPHP SyntaxPHP CommentsPHP VariablesPHP Echo / PrintPHP Data TypesPHP StringsPHP NumbersPHP ConstantsPHP OperatorsPHP If...Else...ElseifPHP SwitchPHP LoopsPHP FunctionsPHP ArraysPHP Superglobals

PHP Forms

PHP Form HandlingPHP Form ValidationPHP Form RequiredPHP Form URL/E-mailPHP Form Complete

PHP Advanced

PHP Date and TimePHP IncludePHP File HandlingPHP File Open/ReadPHP File Create/WritePHP File UploadPHP CookiesPHP SessionsPHP FiltersPHP Filters AdvancedPHP Callback FunctionsPHP JSONPHP Exceptions

PHP OOP

PHP OOP IntroPHP Classes/ObjectsPHP ConstructorPHP DestructorPHP Access ModifiersPHP InheritancePHP ConstantsPHP Abstract ClassesPHP InterfacesPHP TraitsPHP Static MethodsPHP Static PropertiesPHP NamespacesPHP Iterables

PHP Database

PHP MySQL DatabasePHP Connect to MySQLPHP Create MySQL DatabasePHP Create MySQL TablePHP Insert MySQL DataPHP Get Last Inserted IDPHP Insert Multiple RecordsPHP Prepared StatementsPHP Select MySQL DataPHP Delete MySQL DataPHP Update MySQL DataPHP Limit MySQL Data

PHP XML

PHP XML ParsersPHP SimpleXML ParserPHP SimpleXML - GetPHP XML ExpatPHP XML DOM

PHP Security

PHP SecurityPHP Password HashingPHP E-mail InjectionPHP Cross Site Scripting (XSS)

PHP Best Practices

PHP Coding StandardsPHP Error HandlingPHP Performance OptimizationPHP Debugging TechniquesPHP Unit Testing

PHP and Web Services

PHP AJAX IntroductionPHP AJAX PHPPHP AJAX DatabasePHP AJAX XMLPHP AJAX Live SearchPHP AJAX Poll

PHP Extensions

PHP cURLPHP GDPHP XML-RPCPHP Multibyte String

PHP Operators

PHP operators are symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. They are essential for manipulating data and controlling program flow in PHP scripts.

Types of PHP Operators

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform mathematical calculations on numeric values.

  • Addition (+)
  • Subtraction (-)
  • Multiplication (*)
  • Division (/)
  • Modulus (%)
  • Exponentiation (**)

Example:


$a = 10;
$b = 3;
echo $a + $b;  // Output: 13
echo $a % $b;  // Output: 1

2. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The basic assignment operator is =, but PHP also provides combined operators like +=, -=, *=, etc.

Example:


$x = 5;
$x += 3;  // Equivalent to $x = $x + 3
echo $x;  // Output: 8

3. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two values and return a boolean result.

  • Equal (==)
  • Identical (===)
  • Not equal (!=)
  • Greater than (>)
  • Less than (<)
  • Greater than or equal to (>=)
  • Less than or equal to (<=)

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators combine conditional statements.

  • AND (&&)
  • OR (||)
  • NOT (!)

Example:


$a = true;
$b = false;
var_dump($a && $b);  // Output: bool(false)
var_dump($a || $b);  // Output: bool(true)

5. Increment/Decrement Operators

These operators increase or decrease a variable's value by one.

  • Pre-increment (++$var)
  • Post-increment ($var++)
  • Pre-decrement (--$var)
  • Post-decrement ($var--)

6. String Operator

The concatenation operator (.) is used to combine two string values.

Example:


$str1 = "Hello";
$str2 = "World";
echo $str1 . " " . $str2;  // Output: Hello World

Operator Precedence

PHP follows a specific order when evaluating expressions with multiple operators. Parentheses can be used to explicitly define the order of operations.

Best Practices

  • Use parentheses to clarify complex expressions
  • Be cautious when comparing floating-point numbers due to precision issues
  • Use === for strict comparisons to avoid type juggling
  • Understand the difference between = (assignment) and == (comparison)

Mastering PHP operators is crucial for effective programming. They form the foundation for PHP Conditional Statements and are extensively used in PHP Loops. For more advanced usage, explore PHP Functions and PHP Arrays.